It ends when all discharge ceases and the vulva has returned to its normal size. The most notable sign is vaginal bleeding. This may not become apparent until a few days after the female has actually come into oestrus.
Vulvar swelling should be taken as the first sign in addition to the female paying increased attention such as licking the area to her rear end. From the beginning of the heat period she will be attractive to male dogs, but will usually not be receptive, or allow mating, until about days later.
The discharge will usually become less bloodstained at this time. Some females experience heavy vaginal bleeding during oestrus. If you are concerned, please consult your veterinarian. You may also find that she is passing small quantities of urine more frequently. The urine contains both pheromones and hormones which signal any interested males that she will be receptive soon.
When an animal is in season, there is an increased blood supply to both the uterus and the ovaries. Dogs can be desexed whilst they are in season, but generally we try to do the surgery 8 weeks after the start of their last oestrous cycle.
This can be difficult. Most ovulate and are receptive around the eleventh day of oestrus. The discharge will then be less bloody and the female will be actively looking for a male. This is the stage that follows oestrus. The female will no longer be receptive to being mated. This stage lasts for about two months. Progestrone levels will peak three - four weeks after the start of diestrus and then revert to normal levels by the end of this stage.
These hormone levels change regardless of whether or not the female is pregnant. As these hormone changes are occurring, it is important not to spay a female until after this stage.
It is the ovaries that regulate the hormones, once removed, they will not be able to regulate hormone levels. This can leave your female in a state of unbalanced hormones, which can lead to ongoing behaviour problems if hormonally mediated behaviour problems occurred during the season. Some females will develop what is known as a "phantom pregnancy" during the diestrus stage.
She will produce milk and you may see behaviour changes such as protection of resources and nesting. Some females manage this stage with no problems, but sometimes behaviour problems can occur. Also, it has been suggested that phantom pregnancy could pre-dispose the female to developing pyometra, a potentially fatal infection of the uterus.
If your female's behaviour changes during this stage, it is worth speaking to your vet. Monitor for elevated temperature making sure that you use an ear thermometer, or lubricate the thermometer if inserting this anally to avoid inflicting pain and discomfort on her.
The first signs of pyometra can often be changes in behaviour such as going off food, becoming lethargic. There will usually be a smelly discharge from the vulva. At this stage an emergency vet visit is necessary. Pyometra can kill very quickly. Her scent will attract every intact male in your neighbourhood. The mating tying process can take many minutes typically half an hour during which time, your female and the male will be locked together.
Registered with. A brief summary How long are dogs in heat — is it a lifetime thing? How long does a dog's season last? How long does a dog in heat bleed? Are there any other signs a dog is coming into season? Add menthol to the tip of her tail This may help to cover the scent — especially useful if you have other dogs at home. Use special dog pants These are lifesavers when your dog is in season.
Not breeding from your dog? Need more info? Recommended articles Is your female cat in heat? How to tell and how to help.
Sato, Junko et al. Journal Of Toxicologic Pathology , vol 29, no. Japanese Society Of Toxicologic Pathology , doi Estrus And Mating In Dogs. VCA Animal Hospitals , Actively scan device characteristics for identification.
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