The Market Revolution - communication and transportation. The Market Revolution - impact and significance. Irish and German immigration. Practice: The s and the Market Revolution. Next lesson. John Quincy Adams narrowly beat Andrew Jackson in the presidential election of Though his 'American System' modernized the American economy, his endorsement of a protective tariff as well as his lenient stance toward Native Americans cast him out of office after one term.
As a young boy, John Quincy watched the famous Battle of Bunker Hill June from a hilltop near the family farm with his mother. He accompanied his father on a diplomatic mission to France when he was 10, and would later study at European universities, eventually becoming fluent in seven languages.
Adams returned to Massachusetts in and entered Harvard College, graduating two years later. He then studied law and was admitted to the bar in , after which he set up a law practice in Boston. In , Washington appointed him as a U. After the elder John Adams was elected president in , he made his son minister to Prussia Germany.
Tragically, the couple would suffer the loss of three children—a daughter in infancy and two sons in adulthood—and by some accounts it was a largely unhappy match. After John Adams lost the presidency to Thomas Jefferson in , he recalled John Quincy from Europe; the younger Adams returned to Boston in and reopened his law practice.
The following year he was elected to the Massachusetts State Senate, and in the state legislature chose him to serve in the U. He soon became estranged from the Federalists, and came to abhor party politics. Adams resigned his Senate seat in June and returned to Harvard, where he had been made a professor. While in St. Meanwhile, war had broken out between the United States and Britain, and in Madison called Adams to Belgium in order to negotiate the Treaty of Ghent , which ended the War of John Quincy Adams then began serving like his father before him as U.
In , President James Monroe named John Quincy Adams as his secretary of state, as part of his efforts to build a sectionally balanced cabinet. Adams achieved many diplomatic accomplishments in this post, including negotiating the joint occupation of Oregon with England and acquiring Florida from Spain.
He also served as the chief architect of what became known as the Monroe Doctrine , which aimed to prevent further European intervention or colonization in Latin America by asserting U. Calhoun and Secretary of the Treasury William H. Adams carried the New England states, most of New York and a few districts elsewhere, but finished behind Jackson who won Pennsylvania , the Carolinas and most of the West in both the electoral and popular votes.
No candidate received a majority of electoral votes, and the election was decided by the House of Representatives. Speaker Clay threw his support behind Adams, who won the presidency and later named Clay as secretary of state. As president, Adams faced steadfast hostility from the Jacksonians in Congress, which perhaps explained his relatively few substantive accomplishments while in the White House.
He proposed a progressive national program, including federal funding of an interstate system of roads and canals and the creation of a national university. The Erie Canal was completed while Adams was in office, linking the Great Lakes to East Coast and enabling a flow of products such as grain, whiskey and farm produce to Eastern markets.
Representative from Massachusetts from to President George Washington appointed him U. Minister Resident to the Netherlands in After serving three years in the Netherlands, Adams became U. Minister Resident to Prussia from to , appointed this time by his father. President James Madison appointed Adams U.
Minister to Russia in , and Adams served until Adams headed the Commission that negotiated the Treaty of Ghent in , which ended the War of with Great Britain. His placement as U.
Minister to Great Britain from to insured that he would be central to the ongoing efforts to improve Anglo-American relations.
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